We're now going to apply what we've learned about satire by studying "A Modest Proposal" to another satirical literary work: The Devil's Dictionary by Ambrose Bierce.
What is it? Go here to find out.
Where's the text? Go here to get it.
What I'd like you to do before class time on Monday (10/27) is pick five
(5)* word entries from Bierce's satirical dictionary that no one else
has commented on yet. In the comment box copy a dictionary definition
and copy Bierce's satirical definition. Then explain how Bierce
satirizes a particular target by deviating from the standard definition.
Try to figure out Bierce's target and how he uses particular strategies
to satirize that target. Does Bierce use any of the satirical strategies
we've discussed, including irony, satirical inversion (or reversal), understatement (meiosis, litotes), exaggeration (hyperbole), sarcasm, absurd incongruity, and asserting a position by pretending not sweep aside that position (apophasis/paralipsis)?
Explaining satire (like explaining a joke) is difficult, so I'd rather
you risk explaining too much than risk not explaining enough.
SLANG, n. The grunt of the human hog (Pignoramus intolerabilis) with an audible memory. The speech of one who utters with his tongue what he thinks with his ear, and feels the pride of a creator in accomplishing the feat of a parrot. A means (under Providence) of setting up as a wit without a capital of sense.
ReplyDeleteIt is making fun of the people who use the slang and how it makes them seem stupid, hence comparing them to a “human hog”. They are also poking fun at the sense that they feel proud of the usage when they are doing something isn’t that intelligent. The comparison of animals makes the people who use the slang seem less of the people who don’t. The comparison is exaggerated to make his point in the satire; people who use slang don’t all have the mental capacity of animals, but the hyperbole makes the point easier to see.
PRAY, v. To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled in behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy.
It is satirizing the people who pray and accusing them of being selfish. The satire is short and uses understatement to have the reader think more about the truth that it holds. It is bringing up the point that those who pray are “unworthy” and how they know it is why they pray.
CLOCK, n. A machine of great moral value to man, allaying his concern for the future by reminding him what a lot of time remains to him.
A busy man complained one day:
"I get no time!" "What's that you say?"
Cried out his friend, a lazy quiz;
"You have, sir, all the time there is.
There's plenty, too, and don't you doubt it —
We're never for an hour without it."
—Purzil Crofe
The clock is representing the concept of time and it satires the concept of time and how it its value to man shapes their decisions and makes them weaker. The poem that is included satirizes types of men, those who worry and those who waste their time. (this satire is very similar to Don’t Hug Me Im Scared 2) :)
FAMOUS, adj. Conspicuously miserable.
Done to a turn on the iron, behold
Him who to be famous aspired.
Content? Well, his grill has a plating of gold,
And his twistings are greatly admired.
—Hassan Brubuddy
It is intense irony that is used because most people associate fame with happiness but the truth is that it doesn’t. It satirizes those who want to achieve fame but will only be miserable if they fail or succeed. The text included someone who was rich and admired bit was not content with what he had and was.
FUTURE, n. That period of time in which our affairs prosper, our friends are true and our happiness is assured.
The satire is using sarcasm to poke fun of people’s hopes and their high beliefs for the future. In the future everything is good and nothing will go wrong, it is an exaggeration about the hopes which makes them seem so pointless.
Explain how Bierce satirizes a particular target by deviating from the standard definition.
ReplyDeleteDog n.
Dictionary Definition: A domesticated canid, Canis familiaris, bred in many varieties.
Satirical Definition: A kind of additional or subsidiary Deity designed to catch the overflow and surplus of the world's worship. This Divine Being in some of his smaller and silkier incarnations takes, in the affection of Woman, the place to which there is no human male aspirant. The Dog is a survival — an anachronism. He toils not, neither does he spin, yet Solomon in all his glory never lay upon a door-mat all day long, sun-soaked and fly-fed and fat, while his master worked for the means wherewith to purchase the idle wag of the Solomonic tail, seasoned with a look of tolerant recognition.
Explanation: Bierce uses his own definition of dog to satirize humans for being almost slaves to something that should not be worshipped so highly, but people do it anyway, feeding, and caring for the dog when the dog really does not seem to care much about the person who is doing all this for him.
Alcohol n.
Dictionary Definition: Also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, ethanol, fermentation alcohol. a colorless, limpid, volatile, flammable, water-miscible liquid, C 2 H 5 OH, having an ether like odor and pungent, burning taste, the intoxicating principle of fermented liquors, produced by yeast fermentation of certain carbohydrates, as grains, molasses, starch, or sugar, or obtained synthetically by hydration of ethylene or as a by-product of certain hydrocarbon syntheses: used chiefly as a solvent in the extraction of specific substances, in beverages, medicines, organic synthesis, lotions, tonics, colognes, rubbing compounds, as an automobile radiator antifreeze, and as a rocket fuel.
Satirical Definition: The essential principle of all.
Explanation: Again, Bierce is satirizing humans. He is using it to show how humans use, even abuse alcohol, to deal with our problems and issues in daily life. We intoxicate ourselves (as written in dictionary definition) to help deal with our daily problems.
Truthful adj.
Dictionary Definition: Telling the truth, especially habitually
Satirical Definition: Dumb and illiterate.
Explanation: This time, Bierce is satirizing the truth and how people put so much faith in the truth, and also how stupid it is. He is trying to show how being truthful is stupid and is pointless.
Ocean n.
Dictionary Definition: the vast body of salt water that covers almost three fourths of the earth's surface.
Satirical Definition: A body of water occupying about two-thirds of a world made for man — who has no gills.
Explanation: Bierce is satirizing the human anatomy. He is stating how it is ironic that even though man is the most powerful force of the earth, only about a third of it is actually habitable for human beings. How humans are the most superior but inferior at the same time.
Reality n.
Dictionary Definition: the state or quality of being real.
Satirical Definition: The dream of a mad philosopher. That which would remain in the cupel if one should assay a phantom. The nucleus of a vacuum.
Explanation: Bierce is again satirizing humans. He is teasing humans for being so obsessed with reality, it draws us in and envelopes us, that it is the center of our existence. It is the "nucleus of a vacuum," the center of everything we do.
Truthful explanation continued: He is also making fun of humans and how easy it is to tell the truth, it is dumb and illiterate, so everyone should be able to do it, but people still choose the more difficult path and lie.
DeleteHm...I think Bierce is more cynical than this. I think he suggests that only the dumb and illiterate are truthful.
DeleteSara Francis
ReplyDeleteMr. J. Cook
AP English 11
October 23, 2014
The Devil’s Dictionary (DD) vs. True Dictionary definitions (dd)
DD-TELEPHONE, n. An invention of the devil which abrogates some of the advantages of making a disagreeable person keep his distance.
dd-Telephone: 1. an apparatus, system, or process for transmission of sound or speech to a distant point, especially by an electric device.
The satire used in the Devil’s Dictionary definition of the telephone is targeting people who use the phone to call people who don’t want to be called. Most likely the author is referring to telemarketers or just annoying people he doesn’t want to ever speak to again in his life. The real definition describes the actual concrete telephone, but the Devil’s Dictionary points more towards the bad things a phone is used for. This satiristic definition is a comical one, mostly because it makes you think about times when you get calls from people you don’t want to remember even exited.
DD-DOCTOR, n. A gentleman who thrives upon disease and dies of health.
dd-Doctor: 1. a person licensed to practice medicine, as a physician, surgeon, dentist, or veterinarian. 2.a person who has been awarded a doctor's degree
The Devil’s Dictionary definition is pointing out the sad and pathetic fact that doctors basically make their money and dedicate their lives to disease. The author indirectly says that doctors are the people who want people to have disease because they make money from it. In the end of a doctor’s life, he is healthy because he knows the secrets no one else is allowed to know to stay healthy, but he dies anyways.
DD-RED-SKIN, n. A North American Indian, whose skin is not red — at least not on the outside.
dd-Red-skin: Slang: Often Disparaging and Offensive.
1.a North American Indian.
The Devil’s definition of Red-skin is targeting people who use this term to describe Native Americans with this term to be offensive. The author points out that even though Native Americans do not actually have red skin, people call them that because it has been like that for years. The true definition does include that this term can be offensive.
DD-BACHELOR, n. A man whom women are still sampling.
dd-Bachelor: 1.an unmarried man
The satire of this definition actually made me laugh because of how the author of the Devil’s Dictionary used the term “sampling” in regards to talking about a woman’s relationship with a bachelor. It’s so comical because of how true it is, but also ironic because a bachelor is supposed to be a man who really doesn’t have a relationship. The definition targets both an actual bachelor and the women who are all “sampling” him, kind of showing how women tend to be on their toes around bachelors.
DD-GENTLEMAN, n. A rare animal sufficiently described in the lines immediately foregoing.
dd-Gentleman: 1. a man of good family, breeding, or social position.
2. a civilized, educated, sensitive, or well-mannered man
The satire used to describe a gentleman is sad but true. Typically, a gentleman should in fact be a kind man with good manners and a lot of respect towards other people. The thing about the Devil’s definition is that is says that gentlemen are rare. This is targeted right at all of the men in the world who are the exact opposite of a gentleman. The kind of men who have zero respect at all and basically no manners either. It also compares a gentleman to an animal which actually makes you visualize a person who doesn’t actually live in society as a human at all anymore.
Un-American
ReplyDeleteIn actual terms, this word means “Not in accordance with American.” Satirically, it was defined as “Wicked, intolerable, heathenish.” Bierce appears to be targeting American nationalists here. He mocks the mindset of these people, by directly saying that anything un-American is bad. He makes it so that the literal and satirical definitions can work together such as this: By something not being in accordance with America, it is wicked, intolerable, and heathenish. Bierce was able to expose discrimination during a time when it was more acceptable. It brings up the prejudice Americans have on people of other countries.
Kilt
A kilt is “a knee-length skirt of tartan cloth, traditionally worn by men as a part of Scottish Highland dress and now also worn by women and girls. In The Devil’s Dictionary, it is “A costume sometimes worn by Scotchmen in America and Americans in Scotland.” This definition targets both Scotchmen and Americans. Rather than saying a kilt is a mere article of clothing, Bierce calls it a “costume” to pick on Scottish attire. By saying they wear them in America only serves the purpose on contrasting with how Americans wear them in Scotland. This is where he targets Americans. They embrace stereotypes such as the kilt, just to say that they are culturally diverse.
Perscription
In a real definition, the word means “an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be provided a medicine or treatment” In the satirical dictionary, it is “A physician's guess at what will best prolong the situation with least harm to the patient” This is directed towards doctors, as they do not have access to as much of the information in the medical world as we do. They therefore can easily make mistakes in their practices. This is made humorous by replacing instructions with guesses, and medicine with whatever has the lowest chance of killing the patient. There’s always that possibility of failure, and it puts inconfidence in doctors of that time.
Academy
An academy is “a place of study or training in a special field.” In the Devil’s Dictionary, it means “A modern school where football is taught.” This pokes fun at schools, who seem to have a large interest in football, rather than education. This entry could have possibly been made when funds for certain school programs were being cut, and the football team remained the highest interest.
Abominable
Literally, this means “Causing moral revulsion” In the satirical definition, it means “The quality of another's opinions.” These two definitions work together to criticize humanity, as many people are closed minded. Bierce is implying that people don’t care about anyone else's opinion but their own.
Advice:
ReplyDeleteDictionary definition-An opinion or recommendation offered as a guide to action, conduct, etc.
Ambrose Bierce’s definition-The smallest current coin.
Explanation- Ambrose Bierce is using money, something so simple yet very important to humans, to show how humans often don’t have enough confidence in themselves to make their own judgments and how much we depend on others to help us navigate our lives for us.
Bandit:
Dictionary definition-a robber, especially a member of a gang or marauding band.
Ambrose Bierce’s definition-A person who takes by force from A what A has taken by guile from B.
Explanation- Ambrose Bierce is satirizing how humans are all essentially robbers; we routinely take from others what can be used for our benefit. This is a cynical approach. By showing how it’s not just physical but also mental and that the robber is also the victim he illustrates how what looks opposite when simply looked at is also the same. Kind of like the saying, “don’t judge a book by it’s cover”.
Critic:
Dictionary definition-A person who judges, evaluates, or criticizes.
Ambrose Bierce’s definition-A person who boasts himself hard to please because nobody tries to please him.
Explanation- Bierce is blunt with this definition. He takes the dictionary definition to another level. The author is explaining the reasons behind the actions. He is pointing out the insecure person or criticizer’s flaws, Bierce is criticizing the criticizer.
Emergency:
Dictionary definition-A sudden, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or occasion requiring immediate action.
Ambrose Bierce’s definition- The wise man's opportunity and the fool'sWaterloo. A condition of things requiring one to think like a mill-stream, look like an idiot and act like an earthquake.
Explanation: Bierce uses similes to make his definition stronger. He captures the fast-paced thinking, movement, and kind of humorous side of how people act during emergencies. While the situation is not funny our actions can be. Also, Bierce is showing how people, specifically wise men, can benefit from emergencies by proving what they’re capable of and how it can be tragic and devastating for the ignorant.
Selfish:
DeleteDictionary definition-Devoted to or caring only for oneself; concerned primarily with one’s own interests, benefits, welfare, etc., regardless of others.
Ambrose Bierce’s definition-Devoid of consideration for the selfishness of others.
Explanation-Bierce takes a different approach. He is calling the victims of selfishness also the selfish. Instead of portraying the people who are victims of selfishness as innocent or pitiful he makes them seem just as bad. Almost as if the selfish are more innocent than the victims of selfishness, which is opposite to what we usually think.
BACK, n. That part of your friend which it is your privilege to contemplate in your adversity
ReplyDeleteDictionary definition: the rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the lower end of the spine.
Bierce is satirizing people that enjoy mocking or diminishing friends behind their “back.”He is being ironic, because it is not really a privilege to go behind someone’s back and talk about what you don’t like about them. He is making something mean and cruel seem enjoyable. He also uses irony because if you talk about someone behind their backs you aren’t really much of a friend, and he says “the part of your friend.” I also think a strategy he uses is to satirize these people is to only say what he chooses to write, because the people that often talk about adversity are the people to whom it matters most, who live for gossip. By only saying this about a back, he is proving that all these people care about is gossip, making them look foolish and shallow.
BIGOT, n. One who is obstinately and zealously attached to an opinion that you do not entertain.
Dictionary definition: a person who is utterly intolerant of any differing creed, belief, or opinion.
Bierce is satirizing people who call others bigots. He is saying that people who call others bigots only do so if they don’t agree with their ideas. By using a direct statement to point out this fact, he discredits those who call people they disagree with bigots and explains their double standard. Really, he is saying that the public is full of bigots because they aren’t willing to accept that people have different ideas.
WHITE, adj. and, n. Black.
Dictionary definition: of the color of pure snow, of the margins of this page, etc.; reflecting nearly all the rays of sunlight or a similar light.
2.
light or comparatively light in color.
I think bierce is making fun of people who only see the world in terms or white and black. This means in terms of decisions, answers and also race. He does this by keeping the definition short and to the point. By doing so, he is expressing the simple and one-mindedness of those people. They only see the world in two colors, the most important ones that they believe define who is who, usually the white oppressors of black people. He is using this straight comparison to show the shallow judgement of people who believe skin color is the most important thing in the world.
GEESE, n. The plural of "Prohibitionist."
Dictionary definition: a plural of goose. (goose: any of numerous wild or domesticated, web-footed swimming birds of the family Anatidae, especially of the genera Anser and Branta, most of which are larger and have a longer neck and legs than the ducks.)
Prohibitionists are being satirized here, as bierce is using his definition to compare prohibitionists to a flock of geese, all following each other mindlessly. He is using connotation to do this, because when a group is referred to as a flock of geese it is known to mean that they are all just going along with each other and don’t really have their own ideas or act on their own. He is using this to explain how prohibitionists don’t make any sense and are not really acting for themselves, they are just jumping on a bandwagon.
KINDNESS, n. A brief preface to ten volumes of exaction.
Dictionary Definition: the state or quality of being kind (kind:of a good or benevolent nature or disposition, as a person)
Bierce is satirizing the public, and saying that people are only kind because they want something in return. He does this by exaggerating, and saying that all kindness is for a selfish cause, and says that people expect “ten volumes of exaction” instead of maybe just one or two things. This brings attention to the fact that some people are kind because they want something. This cynical view also emphasizes how wrong it is for people to do this, and that it does unfortunately happen.
ECCENTRICITY:
ReplyDeleteDevil’s Dictionary: n. A method of distinction so cheap that fools employ it to accentuate their incapacity.
Dictionary: an oddity or peculiarity, as of conduct
The satirical definition of eccentricity is making fun of the people that call themselves eccentric. Bierce is saying that it doesn’t cost any money to actually call yourself eccentric. He is saying that people are calling themselves eccentric to make the things that they aren’t able to do more noticeable. They want to make them noticeable because then they can just be labeled as eccentric instead of incapable.
IMMIGRANT:
Devil’s Dictionary: n. An unenlightened person who thinks one country better than another.
Dictionary: a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
With this satirical definition, Bierce is making fun of the entire world and all the countries in it. Also on a smaller scale he is actually making fun of immigrants themselves. He is making fun of the world by saying that none of the countries are better than others. Only some countries make it seem that they are better than others, but if you get down to the core of each country they are all the same and they all are equal. He is also making fun of immigrants for believing that some countries are better than others. He is making fun of them for not seeing that even if some country does look more promising than the one they are in there is still other things about the country that they can’t see from the outside that will make it seem just as bad as their home country.
ADMIRATION:
Devil’s Dictionary: n. Our polite recognition of another's resemblance to ourselves.
Dictionary: respect and warm approval.
This definition is making fun of people in general. While admiration is supposed to be a good thing Bierce makes it out to be something that is very selfish. Instead of admiration being a good thing Bierce makes it seem that we only admire people that we see a resemblance to ourselves in. He is mocking the human race, because he is saying that we don’t admire people because they are good people that should be looked up too, but we admire people because we see ourselves in them. He is saying that the human race is very selfish and egotistical.
SELFISH:
Devil’s Dictionary: adj. Devoid of consideration for the selfishness of others.
Dictionary: devoted to or caring only for oneself; concerned primarily with one's own interests, benefits, welfare, etc., regardless of others.
Bierce is making fun of the people who call other people selfish. I can see exactly where he is coming from in this definition because he is saying that if a person is considered “selfish” than they focus on themselves more than they focus on the well being of other people. When someone calls another person selfish it is usually because the person won’t do something for them because it won’t benefit them as much as it will benefit the other person. Bierce is essentially saying that the people who are calling people selfish are the ones that are actually selfish themselves.
VOTE:
Devil’s Dictionary: n. The instrument and symbol of a freeman's power to make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country.
Dictionary: a formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or body of individuals.
In this definition Bierce is making fun of the government and also voters. He is making fun of the voters by calling them naive in a way. He is saying that this “symbol of a freeman’s power” is actually not a symbol of his freedom. They make you believe that you can vote for these officials, which you can, but no matter what choice the voter makes something negative is always going to come from the certain official that was elected which will make a fool of the voter and a wreck of the country. He is making fun of the government because he is saying that even though the government is giving citizens this right to vote there are still certain restrictions to it. Because of these restrictions there will always be negative aspects to the official elected.
RAGS
ReplyDeleteDictionary Definition: a worthless piece of cloth, especially one that is torn or worn.
Satirical Definition: The uniform of the poor, serving to distinguish these creatures from their creators.
Explanation: The satirical definition immediately attaches the object to the people who are commonly wearing it, and then targets the opposite class by placing the blame on them, whereas the dictionary definition describes merely the clothing material, yet has adjectives that can be used to harshly describe the poor.
MONOLOGUE
Dictionary Definition: a form of dramatic entertainment, comedic solo, or the like by a single speaker.
Satirical Definition: The activity of a tongue that has no ears.
Explanation: The satirical definition criticizes the person or character delivering a monologue and sympathizes with those who would not want to hear it, because it draws on for a long amount of time when it could be shorter.
LIAR
Dictionary Definition: a person who tells lies.
Satirical Definition: A lawyer with a roving commission.
Explanation: This is ironic in the sense that lawyers are supposed to be the ones delivering justice, and the satirical definition equates a liar to a lawyer that is paid good. This criticizes how in society of the time (and even now) lying can be justified with currency.
EDIBLE
Dictionary Definition: fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent.
Satirical Definition: Good to eat, and wholesome to digest, as a worm to a toad, a toad to a snake, a snake to a pig, a pig to a man, and a man to a worm.
Explanation: This is one of the few satirical definitions that sticks true and similar to the dictionary definition, however it provides an example that reminds men how mortal they actually are. It utilizes the circle of life, and emphasizes that no matter how rich, big, or important in life you were, after death we are all food to worms.
BELLADONNA
Dictionary Definition: Also called deadly nightshade. a poisonous plant, Atropa belladonna,of the nightshade family, having purplish-red flowers and black berries.
Satirical Definition: In Italian a beautiful lady; in English a deadly poison. A striking example of the essential identity of the two tongues.
Explanation: The satirical definition calls upon the use of another language to contrast with the English definition. It is targeting the English by criticizing how it has the more pessimistic of the two, which may in turn criticize English/ American societies for being more poisonous than others. However it may also be poking fun at Italian women and how they could be deadly or poisonous.
Alcohol- Satirical Definition: (a paint for the eyes.) The essential principle of all.
ReplyDeleteDictionary Definition: a colorless, limpid, volatile, flammable, water-miscible liquid, C 2 H 5 OH, having an etherlike odor and pungent, burning taste, the intoxicating principle of fermented liquors, produced by yeast fermentation of certain carbohydrates, as grains, molasses, starch, or sugar, or obtained synthetically by hydration of ethylene or as a by-product of certain hydrocarbon syntheses: used chiefly as a solvent in the extraction of specific substances, in beverages, medicines, organic synthesis, lotions, tonics, colognes, rubbing compounds, as an automobile radiator antifreeze, and as a rocket fuel.
Explanation: Alcohol being referred to as a paint for the eyes shows that this is a problem we face in our society. this problem being that people in our society use alcohol to cover up the truth and “paint” over reality with a drunken perception. being followed by the essential principle of all shows how important people consider the drunken state in which they continue to pursue no matter the results.
Talk- Satirical Definition: To commit an indiscretion without temptation, from an impulse without purpose.
Dictionary Definition: to communicate or exchange ideas, information, etc., by speaking
Explanation: this says that people talk too much. this talking too much causes problems because there is no thought behind them, they are just said. also the words that are said have no meaning because of the lack of thought, their purpose is nothing without thinking of its meaning prior. words are said all the time that can cause trouble because they are said in the moment, not after evaluating your situation and possible consequences.
Twice- Satirical Definition: once too often
Dictionary Definition: in twofold quantity or degree; in double the amount or degree
Explanation: once too often shows that once something happens once, why do it again. this can also address the issue with people continuing dumb things or making bad decisions, yet they continue to do them, if it is once too often then it happens too much.
White- Satirical Definition: Black
Dictionary Definition: light or comparatively light in color or (of human beings) marked by slight pigmentation of the skin, as of many Caucasoids.
Explanation: the word white’s definition is targeting society and the racial discrimination we see throughout the country. it shows that white and black are the same thing and that skin color has nothing to do with anything. black and white people are the same and their skin color does not determine anything about them as a person.
Outdo- Satirical Definition: to make an enemy.
Dictionary Definition: to be more successful than.
Explanation: this is an example of how people being overly competitive can cause people to have problems with one another. the jealousy is key as far as outdoing goes. if someone beats you or has more than you, it is human nature to feel a disliking of them immediately. the disliking is how enemies are made, enemies are not needed and are made for useless reasons. enemies kill each other and cause even more future problems.
Bierce: ZEAL, n. A certain nervous disorder afflicting the young and inexperienced. A passion that goeth before a sprawl.
ReplyDeleteWhen Zeal sought Gratitude for his reward
He went away exclaiming: "O my Lord!"
"What do you want?" the Lord asked, bending down.
"An ointment for my cracked and bleeding crown."
—Jum Coople
Dictionary: fervor for a person, cause, or object; eager desire or endeavor;enthusiastic diligence; ardor.
Explanation: Bierce is saying that when people get older, they lose excitement for life. That’s why he says it only affects the “young and inexperienced”. Once someone has done something for long enough, they get tired of it. He calls it a “nervous disorder” because he is suggesting that a person’s emotions eventually become duller, and then they assume that anyone who is genuinely excited about something has something wrong with them.
Bierce: SAINT, n. A dead sinner revised and edited.
The Duchess of Orleans relates that the irreverent old calumniator, Marshal Villeroi, who in his youth had known St. Francis de Sales, said, on hearing him called saint: "I am delighted to hear that Monsieur de Sales is a saint. He was fond of saying indelicate things, and used to cheat at cards. In other respects he was a perfect gentleman, though a fool.
Dictionary: any of certain persons of exceptional holiness of life, formally recognized as such by the Christian Church, especially by canonization.
Explanation: Bierce is not only making fun of religious people, but also anyone who tries to make a dead person seem better than they really were. “He was fond of saying indelicate things, and used to cheat at cards. In other respects he was a perfect gentleman, though a fool.” This person was clearly not saint-worthy. However, people ignored the bad things this person had done, simply because that person had died. Bierce is claiming that death should not make someone more holy, although it usually does in other people’s eyes.
Bierce: VOTE, n. The instrument and symbol of a freeman's power to make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country.
Dictionary:
a formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or body of individuals.
the means by which such expression is made, as a ballot, ticket, etc.
Explanation: Bierce is first saying that being able to vote is the “freeman's power”, which is something most people would probably agree with. However, he then says free men use this power to “make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country”. He is claiming that possibly men, although loving their right to vote, did not take it seriously when it actually came to voting what would happen in his country. They were very proud of this right that they had, but didn't think about what they would actually do with this right when it came time to vote.
Bierce: EQUAL, adj. As bad as something else.
Dictionary: as great as; the same as (often followed by to or with)
Explanation: The key difference between these two definitions are the words “bad” and “great”. While the actual dictionary claims something is equal to another when it is “as great as”, Bierce is more cynical. He is saying that when looking for equality, people are satisfied with making the greater thing less great so it will be the same as the worse, instead of trying to make the poorer thing better. Also, this could be seen as when looking for equality among people, they take away rights that the more privileged people had, instead of giving the less privileged people more rights.
Bierce: GUILT, n. The condition of one who is known to have committed an indiscretion, as distinguished from the state of him who has covered his tracks.
DeleteDictionary:
the fact or state of having committed an offense, crime, violation, or wrong, especially against moral or penal law; culpability:
He admitted his guilt.
a feeling of responsibility or remorse for some offense, crime, wrong,etc., whether real or imagined.
Explanation: Bierce is saying that people do not feel guilty unless they feel that there will be repercussions for what they did. If someone has “covered his tracks”, then he feels no one will find out about about what he did, and therefore does not feel badly about it. Bierce is satirizing all of humanity, because this is how he thinks all of humanity is.
Ambrosia
ReplyDeleteDictionary Definition: the food of the gods.
Devil’s Definition: The diet of the gods- the modern day peanut
Bierce makes a sarcastic comparison of the unrivaled food of the gods to the modern day peanut. He is essentially saying that peanuts are the epitome current day cuisine. This could be no further from the truth and is said to either mock the gods or perhaps mock ourselves and how much we value food in this day and age.
Apathetic
Dictionary Definition: showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.
Devil’s Definition: six weeks married
This definition speaks a lot in only 3 words. Bierce is making fun of the fact that currently throughout the world people are growing more emotionless which leads to things like short marriages. It is a rather cynical remark about people in general.
Kill
Dictionary definition:cause the death of (a person, animal, or other living thing).
Devil’s Definition: To create a vacancy without nominating a successor.
Bierce appears to be making an understatement about killing, to take away life what is most precious is only considered leaving without someone to take a place, it focuses more on what should be gained rather than what was lost.
Bride
Dictionary Definition:A woman on her wedding day or just before and after the event.
Devil’s Definition: A woman with a fine prospect of happiness behind her.
This definition uses a contradictory form of irony. A woman’s ideal dream is to eventually become a bride and many are happy to do so. However many also feel bound to this ideal and just being a bride leaves them empty inside and that is what this definition is trying to say.
Joy
Dictionary Definition: A feeling of great pleasure and happiness.
Devil’s Definition: An emotion variously excited, but in its highest degree arising from the contemplation of grief of another.
Joy is depicted as a feeling of elation, but what makes it differ in Bierce’s mind is its source. His rather cynical approach to joy is that it must detract from other’s own happiness. He says that as humans we only find joy at other’s expense instead of the usual find happiness together sort of assumption.
Gage, did you follow the link that tells you about the Devil's Dictionary and provides some context? When was the Devil's Dictionary written?
DeletePolice- An armed force for protection and participation
ReplyDeleteDictionary- An organized civil force for maintaining order, preventing and detecting crime, and enforcing the laws
Explanation- The target of this definition goes to police in general and uses sarcasm to portray that police officers often are just “participating”. When you see cops standing on the side of the road “directing traffic” (note the quotation marks) getting paid double is what came to mind when I read this. The satire lies with the typical lazy cop stereotype.
Acquaintance- A person whom we know well enough to borrow from, but not well enough to lend to. A degree of friendship called slight when its object is poor or obscure, and intimate when he is rich or famous
Dictionary- A person known to one, but usually not a close friend
Explanation: This satirizes people and their untruthful characteristics. We often like people or become “close” to them because of the benefits they bring. Maybe rich people are a sub-target but its more saying that we as people use others for what they have.
All- Every single cent — except what you have kept out for yourself
Definition- the whole of (used in referring to quantity, extent, or duration)
Explanation- This satirizes the greed in humans, always putting away some extra for one’s self. Often we use the word all even when something isn’t all there. For example a friend says “is this all the food we have?” and you reply with “yes that’s all of it,” even though you have just eaten all of the Oreos.
Comfort- A state of mind produced by contemplation of a neighbor's uneasiness
Definition- to soothe, console, or reassure; bring cheer to
Explanation- Comfort is a good feeling that should be brought to one by good vibes and happy thoughts. The satire in this word is that instead of getting this feeling from natural things it says it comes from a neighbor’s discomfort. It shows that people can often find contentment from another’s failures and negative feelings.
Reform- A thing that mostly satisfies reformers opposed to reformation
Definition- the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc
Explanation- This satirizes politicians and how often a purposed reform is just an empty gesture. The satisfaction lies with their proposal being accepted instead of the hope for improvement. The use of the words reformers and reformation created the target of the satire as well as what the word should mean.
Architect: a person who designs buildings and in many cases also supervises their construction.
ReplyDeletenoun
1.
a person who engages in the profession of architecture.
2.
a person professionally engaged in the design of certain large constructions other than buildings and the like:
landscape architect; naval architect.
3.
the deviser, maker, or creator of anything:
the architects of the Constitution of the United States.
verb (used with object)
4.
to plan, organize, or structure as an architect:
The house is well architected.
Bierce's interpretation: Bierce uses a play on words to express his opinion on the overpriced job of an architect. Bierce switches the order of the words to create an ironic pun.
SPOOKER, n. A writer whose imagination concerns itself with supernatural phenomena, especially in the doings of spooks. One of the most illustrious spookers of our time is Mr. William D. Howells, who introduces a well-credentialed reader to as respectable and mannerly a company of spooks as one could wish to meet. To the terror that invests the chairman of a district school board, the Howells ghost adds something of the mystery enveloping a farmer from another township.
Actual definition: None
Bierce conveys this made up word in a vary formal matter. The word itself is a joke but Bierce satirizes it by explaining its meaning in a very formal, serious way.
WHEAT, n. A cereal from which a tolerably good whisky can with some difficulty be made, and which is used also for bread. The French are said to eat more bread per capita of population than any other people, which is natural, for only they know how to make the stuff palatable.
noun
1.
the grain of any cereal grass of the genus Triticum, especially T. aestivum, used in the form of flour for making bread, cakes, etc., and for other culinary and nutritional purposes.
2.
the plant itself.
Bierce refers to wheat as a key ingredient to whiskey before he includes its inclusion in bread. This is ironic because when thinking of the term wheat you immediately link it to bread before you think of its involvement in whiskey.
JURY, n. A number of persons appointed by a court to assist the attorneys in preventing law from degenerating into justice.
Against all law and evidence,
The prisoner was acquitted.
The judge exclaimed: "Is common sense
To jurors not permitted?"
The prisoner's counsel rose and bowed:
"Your Honor, why this fury?
By law the judge is not allowed
To sit upon the jury."
Dictionary definition:
noun, plural juries..
1.
a group of persons sworn to render a verdict or true answer on a question or questions officially submitted to them.
2.
such a group selected according to law and sworn to inquire into or determine the facts concerning a cause or an accusation submitted to them and to render a verdict to a court.
Compare grand jury, petty jury.
3.
a group of persons chosen to adjudge prizes, awards, etc., as in a competition.
verb (used with object), juried, jurying.
4.
to judge or evaluate by means of a jury:
All entries will be juried by a panel of professionals.
Idioms
5.
the jury is (still) out, a decision, determination, or opinion has yet to be rendered:
The jury is still out on the president's performance.
Bierce defines a jury as not what it is supposed to be but as what, the majority of the time, it is. He satirizes it by conveying it as if it were written like a formal definition but defining it in a controversial manor.
NOMINATE, v. To designate for the heaviest political assessment. To put forward a suitable person to incur the mudgobbling and deadcatting of the opposition.
Deletenoun
1.
an act or instance of nominating, especially to office:
The floor is open for nomination of candidates for the presidency.
2.
the state of being nominated.
Bierce defines the verb "Nominate" as basically putting forward someone you believe is capable, to do a job that you don't want to do. This definition satirizes the word a lot due to its actual meaning proclaiming the word as something rewarding and not the act of "incurring the mudgobbling"
ARCHITECT, n. One who drafts a plan of your house, and plans a draft of your money.
Delete^^^^I'm glad you fixed this.
DeleteIdiot, n. A member of a large and powerful tribe whose influence in human affairs has always been dominant and controlling. The Idiot's activity is not confined to any special field of thought or action, but "pervades and regulates the whole." He has the last word in everything; his decision is unappealable. He sets the fashions and opinion of taste, dictates the limitations of speech and circumscribes conduct with a dead-line.
ReplyDeleteBook Definition: An utterly foolish or senseless person.
Explanation: The satirical definition is targeting the fact that an idiot is senseless. It tries to convey that an idiot is under the impression that they are smarter than everyone else. This then makes them senseless to everything transpiring around them. The satirical definition stretches it however conveying that idiots make most of the decisions in society.
Imagination, n. A warehouse of facts, with poet and liar in joint ownership.
Book Definition: The ability to imagine things that are not real : the ability to form a picture in your mind of something that you have not seen or experienced.
Explanation: The satirical definition is targeting the picture in the mind that you have not experienced. In the satirical definition it says that it is a warehouse of liars, liars meaning the part about it not being real.
Ego, n. the Latin form of the word. The Romans were afflicted with an impediment in their speech, and that was as good a stagger as they could make at it. Kings and editors get a little nearer to the true pronunciation; they say "We."
Book Definition: The self especially as contrasted with another self or the world.
Explanation: The satirical definition targets the part about the self, it conveys the idea of oneself as just being referred to as we. It stretches the idea of a self being contrasted to the world as the Romans talking about themselves.
Saint, n. A dead sinner revised and edited.
Book Definition: One officially recognized especially through canonization as preeminent for holiness.
Explanation: The satirical definition is targeting the recognized part of the saint by saying that they are revised and edited. This is to say that a saint is only recognized as a saint because they are made into a saint from something they werent.
Pray, v. To ask that the laws of the universe be annulled in behalf of a single petitioner confessedly unworthy.
Book Definition: To speak to God especially in order to give thanks or to ask for something.
Explanation: The satirical definition is targeting the giving thanks or asking part of pray. It is conveying that someone who prays is just asking for something to be changed in their or someone elses benefit. This is to say that they are asking for the universe to change because they ask god for it, which is what the satirical definition is trying to get across.
Rumor: a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.
ReplyDeleteDevil’s Dictionary definition of Rumor: A favorite weapon of the assassins of character.
I believe that the target of this word is the victims of rumors who take them very seriously and personally. He uses the words “weapon” and “assassins” to emphasize the feelings those who are victims of rumors feel. They feel their character and reputation are being attacked, and Bierce is focusing on these reactions. Here he is using hyperbole again with his word choice. While the real definition simply describes a story that is likely to be untrue, The Devil’s Dictionary refers to it as a weapon, which is far more intimidating than a story.
Affectionate: readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness.
Devil’s Dictionary definition of Affection: Addicted to being a nuisance. The most affectionate creature in the world is a wet dog.
Bierce calls the term “affectionate” a noun in the Devil’s Dictionary, while in the regular dictionary it is an adjective. I believe his target is people who try very hard to display their affection but are, in actuality, bothering that person. This can apply to an overly-attached-significant-other, or an overbearing family member. The irony of this definition is that while affection is meant to be something given to make another person feel better, it backfires and makes them feel more annoyed, according to Bierce.
Truthful: (of a person or statement) telling or expressing the truth; honest.
ReplyDeleteDevil’s Dictionary definition of Truthful: Dumb and illiterate.
I think that the target of this word would be society. People often aren’t truthful about their feelings in most social affairs, except for people who do not understand common courtesy and do not know what is acceptable to say to someone and what is not acceptable. Children, for example, are often the most honest people because expressing their opinions are not yet restricted by knowing what is socially acceptable to announce. They are too young and uneducated to know that what they are saying is rude and, although truthful, shouldn’t be said out loud. I think the definition uses irony. Usually, when a person thinks of someone who is truthful, they think of somebody who knows the facts and knows what they are talking about, which is the opposite of somebody who is dumb and illiterate.
Male: of or denoting the sex that produces small, typically motile gametes, especially spermatozoa, with which a female may be fertilized or inseminated to produce offspring.
Devil’s Dictionary definition of Male: A member of the unconsidered, or negligible sex. The male of the human race is commonly known (to the female) as Mere Man. The genus has two varieties: good providers and bad providers.
I believe that the target of this word is women. He is satirizing the way men are acknowledged in society and in media by women, often either as the bumbling, hardworking father or as the useless deadbeat. By referring to males as the “unconsidered, negligible sex”, he is poking fun at the idea that women don’t need men and that women are the only sex that matters, which in turn is poking fun at the stereotypical, self-centered female. Where the real definition uses the biological properties to explain what makes something male, Bierce defines it by using the often forgotten treatment of men by women. A technique used in this definition I think would be hyperbole. He exaggerates the idea held by society that there are only two kinds of men and that men are practically insignificant when it comes to the needs of women, until it comes to providing for them.
Russian: a native or inhabitant of Russia.
Devil’s Dictionary definition of Russian: A person with a Caucasian body and a Mongolian soul. A Tartar Emetic.
The target of this word I think is not Russians but the rest of the world who view them a certain way. A tartar emetic is “a toxic compound used in treating protozoal disease in animals, as a mordant in dyeing, and formerly as an emetic”, so I think Bierce is making fun of the racist attitudes exhibited by other Caucasians by referring to Russians as a “toxic compound”. He is showing the ignorance of other white people by defining them not by their region and customs but as, basically, a Caucasian population in an Asian region. Perhaps this is an example of absurd incongruity, for he places “Caucasian body”, “Mongolian soul”, and “A Tartar Emetic” all beside each other, which shows a contrast that, in reality, isn’t really there.
Air
ReplyDeleteDictionary: the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth, a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen.
AIR, n. A nutritious substance supplied by a bountiful Providence for the fattening of the poor.
The author is making a cynical joke about how the poor are treated by the wealthy. He uses hyperbole, saying that all they have to sustain themselves is air. The author also states that this Providence is "bountiful" making it seem as if the wealthy are deliberately ignoring the plight of the poor. This joke is also caustic mocking both the attitude of the wealthy and at the same time demeaning the situation of the poor. This humour is funny yet at the same time a horrifying reality.
Alone
Dictionary: having no one else present; on one's own.
ALONE, adj. In bad company
This statement is both ironic and humorous. When someone is alone they are by themselves, hence in no one's company. The author is being ironic in this case in stating that one is with company when they are by themselves. The author is also suggesting that an individual's company is bad company making this humour sardonic. The author is also be poking fun at the idea of loneliness, something that occurs when one is alone. Therefore, suggesting that loneliness is caused by your own bad company.
Love
Dictionary: an intense feeling of deep affection.
LOVE, n. A temporary insanity curable by marriage or by removal of the patient from the influences under which he incurred the disorder. This disease, likecaries and many other ailments, is prevalent only among civilized races living under artificial conditions; barbarous nations breathing pure air and eating simple food enjoy immunity from its ravages. It is sometimes fatal, but more frequently to the physician than to the patient.
This joke is caustic, sardonic and ironic. The author speaks of love as a disease something that someone is infected with. He then goes on to say that it can be cured by marriage, this particular party of the home is caustic. The author also states that this infection is found among those who are civilized and even among barbaric people, suggesting that anyone is susceptible to this illness. This humour is very funny yet at the same time true since in society it often seems as if marriage makes love diminish. At the very ending of this joke the author states that the doctor often gets the disease not the patient, this is ironic since this is often not the case. However, this helps to bring across the point the author attempts to make about marriage and live that the ones attempting to fix it often become infected by love only to get married then completely stripped of this love. This joke also demeans society's motives on the idea of love, when the author states that it is something that is "temporary" since it is often meant to be long-lasting but that is often not the case.
Vote
ReplyDeleteDictionary: a formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates or courses of action, expressed typically through a ballot or a show of hands or by voice.
VOTE, n. The instrument and symbol of a freeman's power to make a fool of himself and a wreck of his country.
This joke pokes fun at the democratic system by suggesting that those who vote often ruins the present system. This joke is very ironic stating that this power that the freeman has I'd really no power at all if used to wreck everything. This statement also reveals that the speaker may be someone who may be opposed to democratic system since this system only allows them to wreak things.
Justice
Dictionary: just behavior or treatment.
JUSTICE, n. A commodity which is a more or less adulterated condition the State sells to the citizen as a reward for his allegiance, taxes and personal service.
This question demeans the justice system as something that is simply an adulterated commodity or product. This joke also suggests that the government had to get something before this commodity is provided, this being tax dollars and the people's allegiance. The author states that the government "sells" this product to those within their governmental rule, again demeaning the idea that justice can be something pure and honest and shifting it to a baseless idea that is needed. This statement works to criticize both the governmental authorities and the ideals that people hold.
WIT
ReplyDeleteDictionary Definition: the keen perception and cleverly apt expression of those connections between ideas that awaken amusement and pleasure.
Devil’s Dictionary: n. The salt with which the American humorist spoils his intellectual cookery, by leaving it out.
Explanation: Bierce satirizes the American humorist by saying that American humor is lacking intelligence. He is saying that comedians do not have to think of their material, or that they create material without any sort of meaning in it. That they make it very simple for their audience to understand, even if they are people of limited intelligence. Where as he believes that humor should be something that makes you think, possibly about your particular life situation, or about the world around you.
PAINTING
Dictionary Definition: n. 2. the act, art, or work of a person who paints
4. an instance of covering a surface with paint.
Devil’s Dictionary: n. The act of protecting flat surfaces from the weather and exposing them to the critic
Formerly, painting and sculpture were combined in the same work: the ancients painted their statues. The only present alliance between the two arts is that the modern painter chisels his patrons.
Explanation: Bierce satirizes artists, particularly painters, but saying that they take themselves or their art too seriously; by forcing, bad art on the public. He compares the connection between sculpting and painting, years and years ago to that of the connection now, to illustrate how art has gone downhill. The only thing that he seems to think that painting may be good for i to protect flat surfaces from the weather.
HYPOCRITE:
Dictionary Definition: n. a person who pretends to have virtues, moral or religious beliefs, principles, etc., that he or she does not actually possess, especially a person whose actions belie stated beliefs.
Devil’s Dictionary: One who, professing virtues that he does not respect, secures the advantage of seeming to be what he despises.
Explanation: This definition seems to be more about human beings as a whole, rather than individuals. Bierce seems to be saying that, being hypocritical is an advantage; possibly in order to be ignored by other human beings. He makes it sound like, hypocrites do these things on purpose; not that the dictionary definition implies that they do it on accident; in order have an advantage in getting what they want. Bierce has this opinion, that humans do things only for their own personal gain, in most of his definitions.
HASH:
Dictionary Definition: n. A dish of diced or chopped meat and often vegetables, as of leftover corned beef or veal and potatoes, sauteed in a frying pan or of meat, potatoes, and carrots cooked together in gravy.
Devil’s Dictionary: x. There is no definition for this word-- no one knows what hash is.
Explanation: This definition is a bit simpler, and a bit easier to understand, just because hash really depends on what ingredients you have. It is a breakfast dish, mostly made out of leftovers, so he is just pointing out that, noone can know what hash is, because it changes from person to person.
WITCH
Dictionary Definition: n. A person, now especially a woman, who professes or is supposed to practice magic or sorcery; a sorceress.
Devil’s Dictionary: n. 1. An ugly and repulsive old woman, in a wicked league with the devil. 2. A beautiful and attractive young woman, in wickedness a league beyond the devil.
Explanation: The point Bierce is trying to make with this definition is that, people use the word witch depending on how they want themselves to look. They see what they want to see. Either, a witch is some old hag, who you feel should be punished for something, so as to gain something for yourself. Or, she is a trickster, who men call a witch, so as to make it seem like they were under some sort of spell, and that she should be to blame for his behavior.
Cat
ReplyDeleteDictionary Definition: A small domesticated carnivore, Felis domestica or F. catus, bred in a number of varieties.
Devil’s Definition: A soft, indestructible automaton provided by nature to be kicked when things go wrong in the domestic circle.
Target: He is making fun of, “the domestic circle”, or family for having to take out their problems on things that are innocent almost. He is suggesting that they keep cats just to take out their anger on because it is more socially acceptable.
Love
Dictionary Definition: A profoundly tender, passionate affection for another person.
Devil’s Definition: A temporary insanity curable by marriage or by removal of the patient from the influences under which he incurred the disorder. This disease, like caries and many other ailments, is prevalent only among civilized races living under artificial conditions; barbarous nations breathing pure air and eating simple food enjoy immunity from its ravages. It is sometimes fatal, but more frequently to the physician than to the patient.
Target: He is making fun of people who claim to be in love, but it’s not really love. He is poking fun at the fact that people can be madly in love and get married but divorce shortly after. He also compares it to a disease showing that he disapproves people who love blindly without thinking. He references the “disease” being more fatal to the physician than the patient which I can not really figure out who that is poking fun of, maybe the idea of love as a whole.
Read
Dictionary Definition: To look at carefully so as to understand the meaning of (something written, printed, etc.)
Devil’s Definition:To get the sense of something written, if it has any.Commonly, it has not.
Target: The target here is not only just writers, but readers. He is poking fun at writers and the way that they try to portray meaning in their writing, but often there is none. He is also making fun of readers and how we always seek the deeper meaning and purpose behind things while the Devil’s Dictionary suggests that not all writing necessarily includes a meaning or purpose.
Accuse
Dictionary Definition: To charge with the fault, offense, or crime
Devil’s Definition: To affirm another's guilt or unworth; most commonly as a justification of ourselves for having wronged him.
Target: The target here is broad, but includes people who are guilty of something. He is making fun of the fact that people often throw others under the bus not as a way of acquiring justice, but as a way to make ourselves feel better about wronging that person. It’s easier to accept guilt if you believe that the cause of that guilt was justified by the person being bad.
Acquaintance
Dictionary Definition: a person known to one, but usually not a close friend.
Devil’s Definition: A person whom we know well enough to borrow from, but not well enough to lend to. A degree of friendship called slight when its object is poor or obscure, and intimate when he is rich or famous.
Target: The target here is people who are fake and only come around when they can benefit from it. It explores the idea of friendship and how people’s perceptions of others are affected greatly by things like money and fame. The targets are selfish people who are only looking out for themselves and their own well being. They are only good friends if they directly benefit from it. I think that this definition was awesome.